1. CDC Preventing Unsafe Injection Practices March 26, 2024
2. CDC Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings (2007)updated November 27, 2023
3. Harm Reduction International. (2020). The Global State of Harm Reduction 2020. London: HRI Press.
4. WHO Strategic Information Guidelines, 2020 available at https://indicatorregistry.unaids.org/indicator/facility-level-injection-safety
5. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), Safe Injection, Infusion, and Medication Vial Practices in Health Care, 2016
6. WHO guideline on the use of safety-engineered syringes for intramuscular, intradermal and subcutaneous injections in health care settings 2016
7. World Health Organization. (2012). Guide to Developing and Implementing Needle and Syringe Programmes. Geneva: WHO Press.
8. Marshall, B. D., Milloy, M. J., Wood, E., Montaner, J. S., & Kerr, T. (2011). Reduction in overdose mortality after the opening of North America’s first medically supervised safer injecting facility: a retrospective population-based study. The Lancet, 377(9775), 1429-1437.