Affections Of Specific Parts and Organs of Food Animals

- VII Affections of the Kidney

1.Degeneration

Causative agent: Cloudy swelling and pathological fatty change occur due to toxic affections .   

Judgment: Condemn affected kidney.

 2.Congenital Cysts

Causative agent: Cyst free from urinary constituents. They may be single or multiple cysts. The cysts contained clear fluid within their thin transparent walls, which usually protrude from the surface. However, cysts may be found in the kidney parenchyma.

Judgment: 1-2 cysts: Approved.
Extensive: Condemn the whole kidney.
Carcass: Approved if normal.

3.Hydronephrosis

Causative agent: Urinary tract obstruction.

Judgment: Unilateral: Condemn affected kidney / Bilateral: Condemn both kidneys.
Carcass: Total condemnation if there is uriniferous odor.

4.Embolic or pyaemic nephritis

Causative agent: Characterized by multiple abscesses, small in size in the renal cortex due to circulation of pyogenic microorganisms in the blood. Kidney is flappy, pale color and multiple abscesses in the renal cortex.

Judgment: Condemn affected kidney.
Carcass: Total condemnation if there is pyaemia; or bacteriological examination if there is no pyaemia.

5.Pyelonephritis

Causative agent: Pyelonephritis occurs as a result of ascending infection with Corynebacterium renal or  C. pyogen. Renal pelvis is dilated and contain slimy glassing fluid intermixed with pus and has strong smell of ammonia. Infection may be extended and give rise to large abscess in the kidney substance which may be uni or bilateral.

Judgment: Unilateral: Condemn affected kidney / Bilateral: Condemn both kidneys.
Carcass: Total condemnation if there is emaciation ,edema , pyaemia or uremia.

6. Fibroblastic nephritis “White spotted kidney”

This condition is common in young calf suffering from brucellosis or salmonellosis. It is due to arrested in the embryonic kidney development. Affected kidney shows numerous white nodules that are circular in cross section.

Judgment: Condemn affected kidney.
Carcass: approved unless brucellosis.

7.Black Spotted Kidney

Causative agent: In the cortex of calf kidney assumes olive-green or black spots due to accumulation of the bile pigment (Biliverdin).

Judgment: Condemn affected kidney.

8.Pulpy Kidney Disease

Causative agent: Common affection in sheep suffering from enterotoxaemia, which caused by Cl. welchii type D. Kidney is soft and has hemorrhagic streaks.

Judgment: Total condemnation.

9.Tuberculous nephritis

Causative agent: Mycobacterium spp.

Judgment: (Generalized) Total condemnation

   - If the kidney substance and its lymph node is affected with T.B

 - If the kidney substance is free and the lymph node is affected with evidence of generalized TB.

- If the kidney substance is free and the lymph node is affected & the carcass free from emaciation. Condemn affected kidney& its lymph node only. 

10.Parasitic Affections

Causative agent: Cysticerci, Hydatid cyst (In heavy infested carcass only)

Judgment: Condemn affected kidney.

11.Tumours

Judgment: Benign: Condemn affected kidney Malignant: Total condemnation

12.. Pigmentation changes

· Brown pigmentation: The condition mainly occurs in cattle due to accumulation of hemosiderin and lipofuscin pigments.

· Black discoloration: The condition occurs in sheep as a result of haemolysis caused by chronic copper poisoning.  

Judgment: Condemn affected kidney.

13.Lymphomatosis

Causative agent: Lymphosarcoma.

Judgment: Condemn affected kidney.