Introduction to Stroke and the Stroke Care Unit

- Stroke-Specific Complications

Stroke may cause temporary or permanent disability. Complications vary according to the duration of interrupted cerebral blood flow and the area of the brain affected. They may include:

Loss of muscle movement (paralysis). Paralysis may affect one side of the body, or the patient may lose control of specific muscles, such as those on one side of the face or in one arm. 

Difficulty speaking or swallowing. Stroke may affect the muscles of the mouth and throat, making it difficult to speak clearly, swallow, or eat. Language problems may also occur, including difficulty speaking, understanding speech, reading, or writing.

Memory loss or difficulty thinking. Many people experience memory loss after a stroke, while others have difficulty thinking, reasoning, making judgments, or understanding concepts.

Emotional problems. People who have had a stroke may have greater difficulty controlling their emotions, and some develop depression.

Pain. Pain, numbness, or other unusual sensations may occur in areas affected by the stroke. For example, if sensation is lost in the left arm, the patient may experience uncomfortable tingling in that arm.

Behavioral and self-care changes. People who have had a stroke may become more socially withdrawn and may require assistance with personal care and activities of daily living.