Diagnosis and management of Guillian Barre Syndrome in children and adolescents

- Research Gaps

Recommended further research in the field of GBS:

1. In Pathogenesis and Immune Mechanisms

• Better understanding of molecular mimicry between pathogens (e.g., Campylobacter jejuni) and gangliosides.
• Role of complement activation, T-cell subsets, and innate immunity in different GBS variants.
• Exploration of genetic susceptibility (e.g., HLA subtypes, complement-regulatory genes).
• Role of infections and vaccines.

2. Biomarkers and Early Diagnosis

• Development of CSF and blood biomarkers
• Neurofilament light chain (NfL) and anti-ganglioside antibodies as prognostic tools.
• Advanced imaging (e.g., nerve ultrasound, DTI MRI) to detect early inflammation or axonal injury.

3. Treatment options

Trials of novel immunotherapies, such as:

• Complement inhibitors (e.g., eculizumab)
• Anti-GM1 monoclonal antibodies
• T-cell modulation strategies