Management of Kawasaki Disease and its Cardiac Sequelae
- References
1- Marchesi A, Rigante D, Cimaz R, Ravelli A, Tarissi de Jacobis I, Rimini A, Cardinale F, Cattalini M, De Zorzi A, Dellepiane RM, Salice P, Secinaro A, Taddio A, Palma P, El Hachem M, Cortis E, Maggio MC, Corsello G, Villani A. Revised recommendations of the Italian Society of Pediatrics about the general management of Kawasaki disease. Ital J Pediatr. 2021 Jan 25;47(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s13052-021-00962-4. PMID: 33494789; PMCID: PMC7830049.
2- Marchesi A, Tarissi de Jacobis I, Rigante D, Rimini A, Malorni W, Corsello G, Bossi G, Buonuomo S, Cardinale F, Cortis E, De Benedetti F, De Zorzi A, Duse M, Del Principe D, Dellepiane RM, D'Isanto L, El Hachem M, Esposito S, Falcini F, Giordano U, Maggio MC, Mannarino S, Marseglia G, Martino S, Marucci G, Massaro R, Pescosolido C, Pietraforte D, Pietrogrande MC, Salice P, Secinaro A, Straface E, Villani A. Kawasaki disease: guidelines of the Italian Society of Pediatrics, part I - definition, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical expression and management of the acute phase. Ital J Pediatr. 2018 Aug 30;44(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s13052-018-0536-3. PMID: 30157897; PMCID: PMC6116535.
3- Fukazawa R, Kobayashi J, Ayusawa M, Hamada H, Miura M, Mitani Y, Tsuda E, Nakajima H, Matsuura H, Ikeda K, Nishigaki K, Suzuki H, Takahashi K, Suda K, Kamiyama H, Onouchi Y, Kobayashi T, Yokoi H, Sakamoto K, Ochi M, Kitamura S, Hamaoka K, Senzaki H, Kimura T; Japanese Circulation Society Joint Working Group. JCS/JSCS 2020 Guideline on Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Sequelae in Kawasaki Disease. Circ J. 2020 Jul 22;84(8):1348-1407. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-19-1094. Epub 2020 Jul 8. PMID: 32641591.
4- Gorelik M, Chung SA, Ardalan K, Binstadt BA, Friedman K, Hayward K, Imundo LF, Lapidus SK, Kim S, Son MB, Sule S, Tremoulet AH, Van Mater H, Yildirim-Toruner C, Langford CA, Maz M, Abril A, Guyatt G, Archer AM, Conn DL, Full KA, Grayson PC, Ibarra MF, Merkel PA, Rhee RL, Seo P, Stone JH, Sundel RP, Vitobaldi OI, Warner A, Byram K, Dua AB, Husainat N, James KE, Kalot M, Lin YC, Springer JM, Turgunbaev M, Villa-Forte A, Turner AS, Mustafa RA. 2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Kawasaki Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022 Apr;74(4):586-596. doi: 10.1002/art.42041. Epub 2022 Mar 7. PMID: 35257501.
5- Graeff N, Groot N, Ozen S, Eleftheriou D, Avcin T, Bader-Meunier B, Dolezalova P, Feldman BM, Kone-Paut I, Lahdenne P, McCann L, Pilkington C, Ravelli A, van Royen-Kerkhof A, Uziel Y, Vastert B, Wulffraat N, Kamphuis S, Brogan P, Beresford MW. European consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease - the SHARE initiative. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 Apr 1;58(4):672-682. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key344. PMID: 30535127.
6- Henderson LA, Canna SW, Friedman KG, Gorelik M, Lapidus SK, Bassiri H, Behrens EM, Ferris A, Kernan KF, Schulert GS, Seo P, Son MBF, Tremoulet AH, Yeung RSM, Mudano AS, Turner AS, Karp DR, Mehta JJ. American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 and Hyperinflammation in Pediatric COVID-19: Version 2. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Apr;73(4):e13-e29. doi: 10.1002/art.41616. Epub 2021 Feb 15. PMID: 33277976; PMCID: PMC8559788.
7- McCrindle BW, Rowley AH, Newburger JW, Burns JC, Bolger AF, Gewitz M, Baker AL, Jackson MA, Takahashi M, Shah PB, Kobayashi T, Wu MH, Saji TT, Pahl E; American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-Term Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement for Health Professionals From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Apr 25;135(17):e927-e999. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000484. Epub 2017 Mar 29. Erratum in: Circulation. 2019 Jul 30;140(5):e181-e184. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000703. PMID: 28356445.
8- Jone PN, Tremoulet A, Choueiter N, Dominguez SR, Harahsheh AS, Mitani Y, Zimmerman M, Lin MT, Friedman KG; American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Update on Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Dec 3;150(23):e481-e500. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001295. Epub 2024 Nov 13. PMID: 39534969.
9- Alzyoud R, El-Kholy N, Arab Y, Choueiter N, Harahsheh AS, Aselan AS, Kotby A, Bouaziz A, Salih AF, Abushhaiwia A, Alahmadi F, Agha HM, Elmarsafawy HM, Alrabte H, Al-Saloos H, Boudiaf H, Hijazi I, Bouayed K, Al Senaidi KS, Boughammoura L, Jalal M, Ladj MS, Abu-Shukair ME, ElGanzoury MM, Hammadouche N, Elsamman N, Mouawad P, Boukari R, Benalikhoudja N, Jdour S, Abu Al-Saoud SY, Touri SN, Kammoun T, Fitouri Z, Dahdah N. Access to Care and Therapy for Kawasaki Disease in the Arab Countries: A Kawasaki Disease Arab Initiative (Kawarabi) Multicenter Survey. Pediatr Cardiol. 2023 Aug;44(6):1277-1284. doi: 10.1007/s00246-023-03166-1. Epub 2023 May 1. PMID: 37126143.
10- Holman RC, Belay ED, Christensen KY, Folkema AM, Steiner CA, Schonberger LB. Hospitalizations for Kawasaki syndrome among children in the United States, 1997-2007. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Jun;29(6):483-8. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181cf8705. PMID: 20104198.
11- Jindal AK, Pilania RK, Guleria S, Vignesh P, Suri D, Gupta A, Singhal M, Rawat A, Singh S. Kawasaki Disease in Children Older Than 10 Years: A Clinical Experience From Northwest India. Front Pediatr. 2020 Feb 14;8:24. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00024. PMID: 32117831; PMCID: PMC7034337.
12- Burns JC, Herzog L, Fabri O, Tremoulet AH, Rodó X, Uehara R, Burgner D, Bainto E, Pierce D, Tyree M, Cayan D; Kawasaki Disease Global Climate Consortium. Seasonality of Kawasaki disease: a global perspective. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 18;8(9):e74529. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074529. PMID: 24058585; PMCID: PMC3776809.
13- Aggarwal R, Pilania RK, Sharma S, Kumar A, Dhaliwal M, Rawat A, Singh S. Kawasaki disease and the environment: an enigmatic interplay. Front Immunol. 2023 Dec 18;14:1259094. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259094. PMID: 38164136; PMCID: PMC10757963.
14- Burns JC. The etiologies of Kawasaki disease. J Clin Invest. 2024 Mar 1;134(5):e176938. doi: 10.1172/JCI176938. PMID: 38426498; PMCID: PMC10904046
15- Kuo HC. Diagnosis, Progress, and Treatment Update of Kawasaki Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 11;24(18):13948. doi: 10.3390/ijms241813948. PMID: 37762250; PMCID: PMC10530964
16- Gong GW, McCrindle BW, Ching JC, Yeung RS. Arthritis presenting during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr. 2006 Jun;148(6):800-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.01.039. PMID: 16769390.
17- Colomba C, La Placa S, Saporito L, Corsello G, Ciccia F, Medaglia A, Romanin B, Serra N, Di Carlo P, Cascio A. Intestinal Involvement in Kawasaki Disease. J Pediatr. 2018 Nov;202:186-193. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.034. Epub 2018 Jul 17. PMID: 30029859
18- Agha HM, Hamza HS. Incomplete Kawasaki disease in Egypt. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2017 Oct 31;2017(3):e201724. doi: 10.21542/gcsp.2017.24. PMID: 29564345; PMCID: PMC5856965.
19- Jiao F, Pan Y, Du Z, Deng F, Yang X, Wang H, Shen J, Xiang W, Mu Z, Gao C, Bai J. Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of incomplete Kawasaki disease in children in China. BMC Pediatr. 2024 Jul 26;24(1):477. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-04961-2. PMID: 39060924; PMCID: PMC11282762.
20- Mitsuishi T, Miyata K, Ando A, Sano K, Takanashi JI, Hamada H: Characteristic nail lesions in Kawasaki disease: case series and literature review. J Dermatol. 2022, 49:232-8. 10.1111/1346-8138.16276
21- Liu YC, Hou CP, Kuo CM, Liang CD, Kuo HC. Atypical kawasaki disease: literature review and clinical nursing. Hu Li Za Zhi. 2010 Dec;57(6):104-10. Chinese. PMID: 21140351
22- Falcini F. Kawasaki disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006 Jan;18(1):33-8. doi: 10.1097/01.bor.0000197998.50450.f6. PMID: 16344617.
23- Dionne A, Dahdah N. A Decade of NT-proBNP in Acute Kawasaki Disease, from Physiological Response to Clinical Relevance. Children (Basel). 2018 Oct 12;5(10):141. doi: 10.3390/children5100141. PMID: 30322059; PMCID: PMC6210997.
24- Rizk SR, El Said G, Daniels LB, Burns JC, El Said H, Sorour KA, Gharib S, Gordon JB. Acute myocardial ischemia in adults secondary to missed Kawasaki disease in childhood. Am J Cardiol. 2015 Feb 15;115(4):423-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.11.024. Epub 2014 Nov 29. PMID: 25555655; PMCID: PMC4697961.
25- Dionne A, Dahdah N. A Decade of NT-proBNP in Acute Kawasaki Disease, from Physiological Response to Clinical Relevance. Children. 2018; 5(10):141. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5100141
26- Wang W, Wang H, Wang H, Cheng J. Kawasaki disease with shock as the primary manifestation: How to distinguish from toxic shock syndrome?: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Aug 2;103(31):e39199. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000039199. PMID: 39093792; PMCID: PMC11296402.
27- Chen PS, Chi H, Huang FY, Peng CC, Chen MR, Chiu NC. Clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease shock syndrome: a case-control study. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2015 Feb;48(1):43-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.06.005. Epub 2013 Aug 6. PMID: 23927822.
28- Lamrani L, Manlhiot C, Elias MD, Choueiter NF, Dionne A, Harahsheh AS, Portman MA, McCrindle BW, Dahdah N. Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome vs Classical Kawasaki Disease: A Meta-analysis and Comparison With SARS-CoV-2 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. Can J Cardiol. 2021 Oct;37(10):1619-1628. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.05.014. Epub 2021 Jun 6. PMID: 34090979; PMCID: PMC8180353.
29- CDC U.S. Centers of disease control and prevention Clinical Guidance for Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome May, 2024
30- Panupattanapong S, Brooks EB. New spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations in children: Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response. Cleve Clin J Med. 2020 Dec 31. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc039. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32493734
31- Noval Rivas M, Arditi M. Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Common Inflammatory Pathways of Two Distinct Diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2023 Aug;49(3):647-659. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.03.002. Epub 2023 Mar 17. PMID: 37331738; PMCID: PMC10020039.
32- Lim KYY, Chua MC, Tan NWH, Chandran S. Reactivation of BCG inoculation site in a child with febrile exanthema of 3 days duration: an early indicator of incomplete Kawasaki disease. BMJ Case Rep. 2020 Dec 17;13(12):e239648. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239648. PMID: 33334773; PMCID: PMC7747535
33- Iio K, Fukushima N, Akamine K, Uda K, Hataya H, Miura M. Acute Rheumatic Fever and Kawasaki Disease Occurring in a Single Patient. Front Pediatr. 2020 Sep 3;8:562. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00562. PMID: 33014943; PMCID: PMC7494961.
34- Gewitz MH, Baltimore RS, Tani LY, Sable CA, Shulman ST, Carapetis J, Remenyi B, Taubert KA, Bolger AF, Beerman L, Mayosi BM, Beaton A, Pandian NG, Kaplan EL; American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Revision of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 May 19;131(20):1806-18. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000205. Epub 2015 Apr 23. Erratum in: Circulation. 2020 Jul 28;142(4):e65. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000889. PMID: 25908771.
35- Cox JR and Sallis RE. Recognition of Kawasaki Disease. The Permanente Journal volume 13, No 1Published Online: March 1, 2009 https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/08-042
36- Phuong, L. K., Bonetto, C., Buttery, J., Pernus, Y. B., Chandler, R., Goldenthal, K. L., Kucuku, M., Monaco, G., Pahud, B., Shulman, S. T., Top, K. A., Ulloa-Gutierrez, R., Varricchio, F., de Ferranti, S., Newburger, J. W., Dahdah, N., Singh, S., Bonhoeffer, J., & Burgner, D. (2016). Kawasaki disease and immunisation: Standardised case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis. Vaccine, 34(51), 6582-6596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.025
37- Zhang QY, Xu BW, Du JB. Similarities and differences between multiple inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease: clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment. World J Pediatr. 2021 Aug;17(4):335-340. doi: 10.1007/s12519-021-00435-y. Epub 2021 May 20. PMID: 34013488; PMCID: PMC8134825.
38- Salgado AP, Ashouri N, Berry EK, Sun X, Jain S, Burns JC, Tremoulet AH. High Risk of Coronary Artery Aneurysms in Infants Younger than 6 Months of Age with Kawasaki Disease. J Pediatr. 2017 Jun;185:112-116.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.03.025. Epub 2017 Apr 10. PMID: 28408126; PMCID: PMC5529235.
39- Van Anh KY, Shah S, Tremoulet AH. Hemolysis From Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Obese Patients With Kawasaki Disease. Front Pediatr. 2020 Apr 3;8:146. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00146. PMID: 32318529; PMCID: PMC7146618
40- Shaanxi Provincial Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Kawasaki Disease/Children's Hospital of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital; Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; Shanghai Children's Medical Center; Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Xianyang Children's Hospital of Shaanxi Province; Suzhou Children's Hospital, Suzhou University; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Expert Committee of Advanced Training for Pediatrician, China Maternal and Children's Health Association; Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. Pediatric expert consensus on the application of glucocorticoids in Kawasaki disease. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Mar 15;24(3):225-231. English, Chinese. doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2112033. PMID: 35351250; PMCID: PMC8974659.
41- Nadig PL, Joshi V, Pilania RK, Kumrah R, Kabeerdoss J, Sharma S, Suri D, Rawat A, Singh S. Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Kawasaki Disease-Evolution and Pathogenic Mechanisms. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Jul 11;13(14):2338. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13142338. PMID: 37510082; PMCID: PMC10378342.
42- Rigante D, Andreozzi L, Fastiggi M, Bracci B, Natale MF, Esposito S. Critical Overview of the Risk Scoring Systems to Predict Non-Responsiveness to Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Kawasaki Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Feb 24;17(3):278. doi: 10.3390/ijms17030278. PMID: 26927060; PMCID: PMC4813142
43- Sleeper LA, Minich LL, McCrindle BM, Li JS, Mason W, Colan SD, Atz AM, Printz BF, Baker A, Vetter VL, Newburger JW; Pediatric Heart Network Investigators. Evaluation of Kawasaki disease risk-scoring systems for intravenous immunoglobulin resistance. J Pediatr. 2011 May;158(5):831-835.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.10.031. Epub 2010 Dec 18. PMID: 21168857; PMCID: PMC3075321.
44- obayashi T, Saji T, Otani T, Takeuchi K, Nakamura T, Arakawa H, Kato T, Hara T, Hamaoka K, Ogawa S, Miura M, Nomura Y, Fuse S, Ichida F, Seki M, Fukazawa R, Ogawa C, Furuno K, Tokunaga H, Takatsuki S, Hara S, Morikawa A; RAISE study group investigators. Efficacy of immunoglobulin plus prednisolone for prevention of coronary artery abnormalities in severe Kawasaki disease (RAISE study): a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoints trial. Lancet. 2012 Apr 28;379(9826):1613-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61930-2. Epub 2012 Mar 8. PMID: 22405251.
45- Catella-Lawson F, Reilly MP, Kapoor SC et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1809_17.
46- Moreno E, Garcia SD, Bainto E, Salgado AP, Parish A, Rosellini BD, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Garrido-Garcia LM, Dueñas L, Estripeaut D, Luciani K, Rodríguez-Quiroz FJ, Del Aguila O, Camacho-Moreno G, Gómez V, Viviani T, Alvarez-Olmos MI, de Souza Marques HH, Faugier-Fuentes E, Saltigeral-Simental P, López-Medina E, Miño-León G, Beltrán S, Martínez-Medina L, Pirez MC, Cofré F, Tremoulet AH; The REKAMLATINA-2 Study Group Investigators. Presentation and Outcomes of Kawasaki Disease in Latin American Infants Younger Than 6 Months of Age: A Multinational Multicenter Study of the REKAMLATINA Network. Front Pediatr. 2020 Jul 16;8:384. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00384. PMID: 32766186; PMCID: PMC7378383.
47- Cameron SA, Carr M, Pahl E, DeMarais N, Shulman ST, Rowley AH. Coronary artery aneurysms are more severe in infants than in older children with Kawasaki disease. Arch Dis Child. 2019 May;104(5):451-455. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-314967. Epub 2018 Nov 9. PMID: 30413485.
48- Fitzgerald DA. Aspirin and Reye syndrome. Paediatr Drugs. 2007;9(3):205-6. doi: 10.2165/00148581-200709030-00009. PMID: 17523701.
49- Suzuki T, Michihata N, Hashimoto Y, Yoshikawa T, Saito K, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H. Association between aspirin dose and outcomes in patients with acute Kawasaki disease: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan. Eur J Pediatr. 2024 Jan;183(1):415-424. doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-05302-8. Epub 2023 Nov 2. PMID: 37917176.
50- Kim GB, Yu JJ, Yoon KL, Jeong SI, Song YH, Han JW, Hong YM, Joo CU. Medium- or Higher-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid for Acute Kawasaki Disease and Patient Outcomes. J Pediatr. 2017 May;184:125-129.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.019. Epub 2016 Dec 30. PMID: 28043685.
51- Kobayashi T, Inoue Y, Tamura K, Morikawa A, Kobayashi T. External validation of a scoring system to predict resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin. J Pediatr. 2007 Apr;150(4):e37; author reply e38. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.12.036. PMID: 17382098.
52- Manlhiot C, Newburger JW, Low T, Dahdah N, Mackie AS, Raghuveer G, Giglia TM, Dallaire F, Mathew M, Runeckles K, Pahl E, Harahsheh AS, Norozi K, de Ferranti SD, Friedman K, Yetman AT, Kutty S, Mondal T, McCrindle BW; International Kawasaki Disease Registry. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin vs Warfarin for Thromboprophylaxis in Children With Coronary Artery Aneurysms After Kawasaki Disease: A Pragmatic Registry Trial. Can J Cardiol. 2020 Oct;36(10):1598-1607. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.01.016. Epub 2020 Jul 1. PMID: 32621885.
53- Sadowski C, Reinert JP. The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in the treatment of the acute phase of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A systematic review. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2024 Sep 23;81(19):e584-e593. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxae109. PMID: 38651828
54- . Takahashi H, Wilkinson GR, Nutescu EA, Morita T, Ritchie MD, Scordo MG, Pengo V, Barban M, Padrini R, Ieiri I, Otsubo K, Kashima T, Kimura S, Kijima S, Echizen H. Different contributions of polymorphisms in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 to intra- and inter-population differences in maintenance dose of warfarin in Japanese, Caucasians and African-Americans. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2006 Feb;16(2):101-10. doi: 10.1097/01.fpc.0000184955.08453.a8. PMID: 16424822.
55- van Veen JJ, Maclean RM, Hampton KK, Laidlaw S, Kitchen S, Toth P, Makris M. Protamine reversal of low molecular weight heparin: clinically effective? Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2011 Oct;22(7):565-70. doi: 10.1097/MBC.0b013e3283494b3c. PMID: 21959588
56- Mekaj YH, Mekaj AY, Duci SB, Miftari EI. New oral anticoagulants: their advantages and disadvantages compared with vitamin K antagonists in the prevention and treatment of patients with thromboembolic events. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015 Jun 24;11:967-77. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S84210. PMID: 26150723; PMCID: PMC4485791.
57- Oné-Paut I, Tellier S, Belot A, Brochard K, Guitton C, Marie I, Meinzer U, Cherqaoui B, Galeotti C, Boukhedouni N, Agostini H, Arditi M, Lambert V, Piedvache C. Phase II Open Label Study of Anakinra in Intravenous Immunoglobulin-Resistant Kawasaki Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Jan;73(1):151-161. doi: 10.1002/art.41481. Epub 2020 Nov 17. PMID: 32779863.
58- Buda P, Friedman-Gruszczyńska J, Książyk J. Anti-inflammatory Treatment of Kawasaki Disease: Comparison of Current Guidelines and Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Nov 30;8:738850. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.738850. PMID: 34917629; PMCID: PMC8669475.
59- Scherler L, Haas NA, Tengler A, Pattathu J, Mandilaras G, Jakob A. Acute phase of Kawasaki disease: a review of national guideline recommendations. Eur J Pediatr. 2022 Jul;181(7):2563-2573. doi: 10.1007/s00431-022-04458-z. Epub 2022 Apr 11. PMID: 35403975; PMCID: PMC8995165..
60- Burns JC, El-Said H, Tremoulet AH, Friedman K, Gordon JB, Newburger JW. Management of Myocardial Infarction in Children with Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysms after Kawasaki Disease. J Pediatr. 2020 Jun;221:230-234. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.02.033. Epub 2020 Apr 17. PMID: 32312552.
61- Zeng YY, Zhang M, Ko S, Chen F. An Update on Cardiovascular Risk Factors After Kawasaki Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Apr 16;8:671198. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.671198. PMID: 33937365; PMCID: PMC8086797
62- Brogan P, Burns JC, Cornish J, Diwakar V, Eleftheriou D, Gordon JB, Gray HH, Johnson TW, Levin M, Malik I, MacCarthy P, McCormack R, Miller O, Tulloh RMR; Kawasaki Disease Writing Group, on behalf of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, and the British Cardiovascular Society. Lifetime cardiovascular management of patients with previous Kawasaki disease. Heart. 2020 Mar;106(6):411-420. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315925. Epub 2019 Dec 16. PMID: 31843876; PMCID: PMC7057818.
63- Huang SM, Weng KP, Chang JS, Lee WY, Huang SH, Hsieh KS. Effects of statin therapy in children complicated with coronary arterial abnormality late after Kawasaki disease: a pilot study. Circ J. 2008 Oct;72(10):1583-7. doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-08-0121. Epub 2008 Sep 1. PMID: 18758088.
64- Dahdah N, Kung SC, Friedman KG, Marelli A, Gordon JB, Belay ED, Baker AL, Kazi DS, White PH, Tremoulet AH; American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young, and the Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. Falling Through the Cracks: The Current Gap in the Health Care Transition of Patients With Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Oct 19;10(20):e023310. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.023310. Epub 2021 Oct 11. PMID: 34632822; PMCID: PMC8751858.
65- Hill KD, Frush DP, Han BK, Abbott BG, Armstrong AK, DeKemp RA, Glatz AC, Greenberg SB, Herbert AS, Justino H, Mah D, Mahesh M, Rigsby CK, Slesnick TC, Strauss KJ, Trattner S, Viswanathan MN, Einstein AJ; Image Gently Alliance. Radiation Safety in Children With Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease: A Scientific Position Statement on Multimodality Dose Optimization From the Image Gently Alliance. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017 Jul;10(7):797-818. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.04.003. Epub 2017 May 18. PMID: 28514670; PMCID: PMC5542588
66- Abdel Baky A, Omar TEI, Amer YS; Egyptian Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee (EPG). Adapting global evidence-based practice guidelines to the Egyptian healthcare context: the Egyptian Pediatric Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee (EPG) initiative. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2023;47(1):88. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs42269-023-01059-0
67- Alshehri A, Almazrou S, Amer Y. Methodological frameworks for adapting global practice guidelines to national context in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2023 Jul 1;29(7). https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-29-2023/volume-29-issue-7/methodological-frameworks-for-adapting-global-practice-guidelines-to-national-context-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-region.html
68- Schünemann H, Brozek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A (editors). GRADE handbook: handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group; 2013 (Online updated version: https://gdt.gradepro.org/app/handbook/handbook.html Accessed 16/8/2024)
69- Klugar M, Lotfi T, Darzi AJ, et al. GRADE Guidance 39: Using GRADE-ADOLOPMENT to adopt, adapt or create contextualized recommendations from source guidelines and evidence syntheses. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2024 Aug 6:111494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111494 (in press)
70- Amer YS, Elzalabany MM, Omar TI, Ibrahim AG, Dowidar NL. The ‘Adapted ADAPTE’: an approach to improve utilization of the ADAPTE guideline adaptation resource toolkit in the A lexandria C enter for E vidence‐B ased C linical P ractice G uidelines. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice. 2015 Dec;21(6):1095-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12479
71- Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, Burgers JS, Cluzeau F, Feder G, Fervers B, Graham ID, Grimshaw J, Hanna SE, Littlejohns P, Makarski J, Zitzelsberger L; AGREE Next Steps Consortium. AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ. 2010 Dec 14;182(18):E839-42. https://doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.090449
72- Agree II (2022) AGREE Enterprise website. Available at: https://www.agreetrust.org/resource-centre/agree-ii/ (Accessed: 16/8/2024).
73- Song Y, Alonso-Coello P, Ballesteros M, et al. A Reporting Tool for Adapted Guidelines in Health Care: The RIGHT-Ad@pt Checklist[J]. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2022, 175(5):710-719. https://doi.org/10.7326/M21-4352 (Official RIGHT Statement Website: http://www.right-statement.org/extensions/13 Accessed 16/8/2024)