Metabolic disorders in Ruminant, Ketosis, Ketonemia ,Woody cow syndrome

- Classification of Ketosis

1-Primary (Nutritional) Ketosis: Occurs when feed intake fails to meet energy requirements during early lactation. This is the most common form.

2-Secondary Ketosis: Results from other conditions that reduce appetite:

• Displaced abomasum
• Mastitis
• Metritis
• Retained placenta
• Lameness

2.3. Clinical vs. Subclinical Ketosis

• Clinical Ketosis: Noticeable symptoms (anorexia, emaciation, and reduced milk yield).
• Subclinical Ketosis (SCK): Elevated BHBA without visible signs. Highly economically significant. Subclinical ketosis can affect 15–30% of dairy herds.