Fungal diseases

- MYCOTOXICOSIS

Mycotxin: is a complex chemical by –product produced from some species of fungi which elaborate them into surrounding ration.

MYCOTOXICOSIS: is a lethal disease caused by toxins of pathogenic fungi. Characterized by hemorrhagic syndrome and aplastic anemia. Many fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus could produce toxin.

Major classes of mycotoxin-

producing fungi

Fungi species

Mycotoxins

-Aspergillus

-Pencillium

-Fusarium

A. flavus
A. parasiticus

Aflatoxin
(B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂)

A. ochraceus

P. verrucosum
P. viridicatum

Ochratoxin
(Ochratoxin A)

Fusarium. graminearum
F. avenaceum

Type A Trichothecenes
T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin.

Type B Trichothecenes

Mycotoxin	Possible effects
Aflatoxins	Liver diseases (hepatotoxic, hepatocarcinogenic); carcinogenic and teratogenic effects; hemorrhages (intestinal tract, kidneys); reduced growth rate; diminution of performance; immune suppression
Ochratoxins	Nephrotoxic; carcinogenic; mild liver damage; enteritis; teratogenic effects; poor feed conversion; reduced growth rate; immune suppression
Trichothecenes	Digestive disorders (vomiting, diarrhea, feed refusal); reduced weight gain; hemorrhages (stomach, heart, intestine, lung, bladder, kidney); edema; oral lesions; dermatitis; blood disorders; infertility; degeneration of bone marrow; slow growth; immune suppression
Cyclopiazonic acid	Necrotic effects (liver, gastrointestinal tissue, kidneys, skeletal muscles); carcinogenic; neurotoxic
Citrinin	Nephrotoxic; teratogenic; hepatotoxic