Common Congenital Anomalies in Newborns
| Site: | EHC | Egyptian Health Council |
| Course: | دلائل الاجراءات التمريضية لقسم حديث الولاده |
| Book: | Common Congenital Anomalies in Newborns |
| Printed by: | Guest user |
| Date: | Tuesday, 5 May 2026, 11:38 PM |
Description
"last update: 9 February 2025" تحميل الدليل
- Prepared by
NICU guide
Under supervision
- Prof. Dr. Mohamed Latif, CEO of the Egyptian Health Council
Dr. Kawthar Mahmoud, Head of the Egyptian Nursing Syndicate - Member of the Senate
Prepared by
|
Title |
Name |
NO. |
|
Dean Of Faculty Nursing, Professor of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Tanta University |
Dr Afaf Abdel Aziz Abdel Aziz Basal |
1 |
|
Professor Of Critical Care Nursing |
Prof.Dr/Zeinab Hussain Ali |
2 |
|
Professor And Head of the Department of Medical Surgical Nursing. Faculty-. Benha University |
Amal Said Taha Refaie |
3 |
|
Supervisor Of the Education Sector at Port Said University |
Amal Ahmed Khalil Morsy |
4 |
|
Professor Of Medical Surgical Nursing- Faculty of Nursing- Cairo University |
Dr. Hanan Ahmed Al Sebaee |
5 |
|
Head of central administration on secondment at MOHP |
Dr Neveen ab drab al0nabi Mohamed |
6 |
|
Director Of Primary Health Care Nursing Department at MOHP. |
Maysa Hosny Ahmed Tammam |
7 |
|
Supervisor Of Technical Education- EHA |
Nancy Alaa Eldeen Abd-Elbaset Ali |
8 |
|
Supervisor Of Nursing Services Development- EHA |
Sherien Mohamed Saad |
9 |
|
Assistant Professor of Maternity and Neonatal Health Nursing - Faculty of Nursing- Ain Shams University |
Assist.Perof. Dr./Heba Mahmoud Mohammed |
10 |
|
General manager of general administration of health institutes affairs |
Dr Mai Galal Ibrahim Al-Assal |
11 |
|
Participants |
||
|
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing |
Dr. Nagat Salah Shalabi Salama |
12 |
|
member of the Nursing administration at EHA, port said branch |
Mrs. Shaima Abdel Basset Ibrahim Salim |
13 |
|
member of the Nursing administration at EHA, port said branch |
Mrs. Hoda Al-Sayd Muhammad |
14 |
|
member of the Nursing administration at EHA, port said branch |
Mrs. Walaa Ahmed Ali |
15 |
|
member of the Nursing administration at EHA, port said branch |
Mrs. Omnia Abdel Qader Muhammad |
16 |
|
member of the Nursing administration at EHA- South Sinai branch |
Mrs. Yasser Abdel Karim Omar Abdel Jawad |
17 |
- Choanal Atresia
Symptoms:
- Signs of respiratory distress and cyanosis immediately after birth, especially in cases of bilateral choanal atresia. Cyanosis decreases when the newborn cries.
- Difficulty in passing a catheter from the nose to the pharynx.
Nursing Care:
- Insert an oral airway.
- Perform a thorough physical examination to rule out other visible congenital anomalies.
- Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
Symptoms:
- One or more clefts in the upper lip, possibly accompanied by a cleft in the palate.
- Difficulty in sucking and swallowing during feeding.
- Recurrent symptoms of pneumonia and middle ear infections.
Nursing Care:
- Use a special nipple when feeding the newborn.
- Esophageal Atresia (EA) and Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Symptoms:
- Foamy saliva due to esophageal obstruction.
- Cyanosis during feeding if a fistula exists between the trachea and esophagus.
- Diagnosis is confirmed by inserting a Replogle tube, taking an X-ray, and observing the tube coiling in the upper esophagus.
Nursing Care:
- Discontinue oral feeding and administer IV fluids as per the doctor’s instructions.
- Elevate the newborn’s head to a 30-degree angle to prevent aspiration.
- Continuously suction saliva from the esophagus.
- Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (CHPS)
Symptoms:
– Recurrent and forceful vomiting without bile.
– Persistent hunger, weight loss, and signs of dehydration.
Nursing Care:
– Discontinue oral feeding.
– Administer replacement fluids to treat dehydration and correct electrolyte
imbalances as per the doctor's instructions.
- Umbilical Hernia
Symptoms:
– Protrusion and swelling of the newborn’s navel during crying.
Nursing Care:
– Avoid factors that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as crying,
coughing, and constipation, as much as possible.
- Exomphalos Major/Minor
Symptoms:
– Protrusion of abdominal contents (intestines, liver, spleen, bladder, etc.)
through the umbilicus along with the umbilical cord immediately after birth.
Nursing Care:
– Stop oral feeding and administer IV fluids as per the doctor's instructions.
– Cover the exposed abdominal contents with sterile gauze, then wrap with a
plastic bag to reduce heat and fluid loss.
- Inguinal Hernia
Symptoms:
– Swelling in the lower abdomen and upper thigh area during crying.
Nursing Care:
– Avoid factors that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as crying,
coughing, and constipation, as much as possible.
- Anal Atresia
Symptoms:
– Presence of a membrane covering the anus or complete absence of an anal
opening.
– Delayed passage of meconium (the newborn’s first stool) beyond 48 hours after
birth.
Nursing Care:
– Conduct an early examination of the newborn to detect the absence of an anal
opening.
– Monitor and document the newborn’s bowel movements within the first 48 hours
after birth.
– A soft rubber catheter may be used to check for anal atresia if the newborn
has not passed stool within 48 hours.
– If anal atresia is confirmed, discontinue oral feeding and administer IV
fluids as per the doctor’s instructions.
- Hypospadias
Symptoms:
– The urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis instead of the
tip.
– The urine stream is directed downward during urination.
Nursing Care:
– Inform parents about the necessity of postponing circumcision until the
newborn is evaluated by a pediatric surgeon.