Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Pediatrics

➡️Acceptability: Is the extent to which the users are likely to adopt a recommendation It is based on internal qualities such as clarity, comprehensiveness, and logical reasoning and on external factors such as the burden imposed on the process and system of care, patient and providers attitudes and beliefs and patients’ needs expectations and preferences.

➡️Adaptation (of guidelines): It is the systematic approach to considering the use and/or modification of guidelines produced in one cultural and organizational setting for application in different context. Adaptation can be used as an alternative to de novo guidelines development or for customizing existing guidelines to suit the local context.

➡️Admission

Admission, for the purpose of this guideline, refers to a child being registered and entering inpatient care as a patient. This is distinguished from the term “enrolment”, which is used for outpatient care.

➡️Adoption (of guidelines): It is the acceptance of guidelines after the assessment of the quality, currency, and content. When health care providers (or other users of recommendations) use the adopted guidelines, they feel committed to change their practices in accordance with the recommendations of the guidelines. 

➡️Applicability: It is the extent to which the users can put a recommendation into practice, based on internal qualities such as a clearly defined eligible patient population that matches the population to which the intervention is targeted in the local setting and external factors such as the availability of the necessary knowledge, skills, provider time, staff, equipment, and other resources.

Applicability is sometimes taken as a synonym for feasibility:

•  Feasibility of the acquisition of necessary skills and knowledge.

•  Feasibility of the necessary increase in provider time, staff, equipment, and so on.

➡️Culture: Culture represents the norms and values of a specific group, community or population.

➡️Diffusion: It is a passive means of transferring knowledge; it is not directed towards a target audience (e.g. publication of articles in medical journals).

➡️Dissemination  : It is more active than diffusion in that it targets specific audients and involves tailoring the information for these audients (e.g. dissemination strategies including targeted mailings, presentations and press conferences.

➡️Evidence-based principles: Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) has been defined as the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of EBM means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.

➡️Evidence tables: They are summaries of the most salient information from studies identified in the systematic review. The elements of evidence tables are dependent on the types of information in studies related to a particular topic but might include information such as the article reference, the study type (e.g. RCT or Cohort), the number of patients and their characteristics and the intervention, comparison arms, outcome measures and effect sizes.

➡️Guidelines or Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG): Systematically developed statements about specific health problems, intended to assist practitioners and patients in making decisions about appropriate health care.

➡️Guidelines consistency: Agreement between the evidence and the recommendations, based on:

• Comprehensiveness of the study search and selection process.

•  Coherence       between           the       results of         the       studies and            their interpretation by the guidelines authors.

•Transparency between interpretation and recommendations.

➡️Guidelines content: In the ADAPTE Manual and Resource Toolkit for Guidelines Adaptation document, guidelines content refers to the recommendations in the source guidelines.

➡️Guidelines currency: A CPG may be considered up to date when no new information on interventions, outcomes and performance justifies updating it.

➡️Guidelines quality: By quality of clinical practice guidelines, we mean the confidence that the potential biases of guidelines development addressed adequately and that the recommendations are both internally and externally valid and are feasible for practice. This process involves considering the benefits, harms and costs of the recommendations as well as the practical issues attached to them. Therefore, the assessment of quality includes judgments about the methods used for developing the guidelines, the content of the final recommendations, and the factors linked to their uptake.

➡️Guidelines topic: In the ADAPTE Manual and Resource Toolkit for Guidelines Adaptation document, the topic refers to the theme of the guidelines, as described in the guidelines title, for a targeted population (disease and patients) and intervention. The purpose, the audience, and the setting intended for the guidelines, although not necessarily explicitly stated in the title, are also part of the topic. A guideline on a given topic may contain more than one health question.

➡️Health question or clinical question or key question       

It is a precisely described health issue (e.g. clinical, professional practice or public health) relating to the topic of the guidelines? Guidelines may include one or more questions.

➡️Implementation: Implementation includes methods to promote the uptake of research findings into routine healthcare in both clinical and policy contexts and hence to improve the quality and effectiveness of healthcare. It includes the study of influences on healthcare professional and organizational behaviour.

➡️Intra-class correlations: Intra-class correlations provide a measurement of the extent to which two or more raters agree when rating the same set of things. It is a reliability index and is typically a ratio of the variance of interest over the sum of the variance of interest plus error.

➡️Recommendation: Recommendation is any statements that promote or advocate a particular course of action in clinical care.

➡️Stakeholder: A stakeholder is an individual, group and/or organization with a stake in your decision to implement a guideline. Stakeholders include individuals or groups who will be directly or indirectly affected by the implementation of a guidelines.

➡️Source guidelines: In the ADAPTE Manual and Resource Toolkit for Guidelines Adaptation document, source guidelines refer to those guidelines selected to undergo assessment of quality, currency, content, consistency, and acceptability/applicability and upon which an adapted guidelines may be based.