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Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program

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"last update: 1 June  2026"                                                                                        Download Guideline

- References

1.    Tamma PD, Heil EL, Justo JA, Mathers AJ, Satlin MJ, Bonomo RA. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2024;78(6):995–1024. doi:10.1093/cid/ciae403

2.    Popovich KJ, Aureden K, Ham DC, Harris AD, Hessels AJ, Huang SS, et al. SHEA/IDSA/APIC Practice Recommendation: Strategies to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission and infection in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023;44(7):1039–67. doi:10.1017/ice.2023.102

3.    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The core elements of hospital antibiotic stewardship programs: 2020 update. Atlanta (GA); 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/core-elements/hospital.html

4.    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Core elements of hospital antibiotic stewardship programs (2019 update). Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/core-elements/hospital.html

5.    World Health Organization (WHO). Practical toolkit of antimicrobial stewardship programmes in health-care facilities in low- and middle-income countries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241515481

6.    World Health Organization (WHO). The AWaRe classification of antibiotics for evaluation and monitoring of use. Geneva; 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHOEMPIAU2019.11

7.    Magill SS, O’Leary E, Janelle SJ, Thompson DL, Dumyati G, Nadle J, et al. Changes in prevalence of health care–associated infections in U.S. hospitals. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(18):1732–44. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1801550

8.    Mehta Y, Gupta A, Todi S, Myatra SN, Samaddar DP, Patil V, et al. Guidelines for prevention of hospital acquired infections. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2014;18(3):149–63. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.128705