Literature review shows insufficient research data that need further studies for:
- The use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a tool for early screening and prediction of sepsis.
- The efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of the newer modalities e.g.; ultrasound for cardiac output monitoring.
- Research to identify sepsis phenotypes which may benefit from blood purification treatments.
- Fluid resuscitation guided by dynamic measures in low-resource settings.
- Further studies to inform about vasopressor selection and titration.
- Studies to address the benefits of multimodal vasopressor strategies.
- Studies to address the timing of adjunctive vasopressor initiation.
- Studies needed for optimal timing for vasopressor initiation in sepsis-induced hypotension.
- Studies to inform the optimal safety protocols for using peripheral vasopressors, including safe duration, maximal doses, peripheral IV access size, and peripheral IV anatomic location.
- Trials needed to assess the impact of inotropes in sepsis, define which patients benefit, and determine optimal timing, dosing, and weaning strategies.
- The use of active fluid removal and the use of ultrafiltration or extracorporeal fluid removal after the acute resuscitation phase in septic shock.