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Prevention And Management Of Preterm Labor

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"last update: 28 September 2026"                                                                            Download Guideline

- References

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30.   The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Progesterone: use in the second and third trimester of pregnancy for the prevention of preterm birth. [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 October 03]. Available from: http://www.ranzcog.edu.au/.

31.   37. Newnham JP, White SW, Meharry S, Lee HS, Pedretti MK, Arrese CA, et al. Reducing preterm birth by a statewide multifaceted program: an implementation study [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 November 14]; 216(5):434-42. Refer to online version, destroy printed copies after use Page 21 of 25 Queensland Clinical Guideline: Preterm labour and birth

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35.   McCue B, Torbenson VE. Fetal Fibronectin: the benefits of a high negative predictive value in management of preterm labor [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 October 10]; 62(9):1-6.

36.   Horsch A, Tolsa J-F, Gilbert L, Chêne L, Müller-Nix C, Graz M, et al. Improving maternal mental health following preterm birth using an expressive writing intervention: a randomized controlled trial [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 April 7]; 47(5):780-91.

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39.   Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R, Kusanovic JP. Nifedipine in the management of preterm labor: a systematic review and metaanalysis [Internet]. 2011 [cited; 204(2):134 e1-20.

40.   Flenady V, Wojcieszek AM, Papatsonis DNM, Stock OM, Murray L, Jardine LA, et al. Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting preterm labour and birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. [Internet]. 2014, Issue 6. Art No.: CD002255. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002255.pub2.

41.   Australian Medicines Handbook. Drugs for preterm labour. Nifedipine. Salbutamol. [Internet]. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd; July 2019 [cited 2019 October 03]. Available from: http://www.amh.net.au/.

42.   Gaunekar NN, Raman P, Bain E, Crowther CA. Maintenance therapy with calcium channel blockers for preventing preterm birth after threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. [Internet]. 2013, Issue 5. Art No.: CD000940. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004071.pub2.

43.   Sood BG, Lulic-Botica M, Holzhausen KA, Pruder S, Kellogg H, Salari V, et al. The risk of necrotizing enterocolitis after indomethacin tocolysis. Pediatrics 2011;128: e54–62. (Level II-2) [PubMed]

44.   Soraisham AS, Dalgleish S, Singhal N. Antenatal indomethacin tocolysis is associated with an increased need for surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in pre-term infants. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2010;32:435–42.(Level II-2) [PubMed] 

45.   Haas DM, Caldwell DM, Kirkpatrick P, McIntosh JJ, Welton NJ. Tocolytic therapy for preterm delivery: systematic review and network meta-analysis [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2019 October 03]; 345:e6226.

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47.   Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Doyle LW. Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001060. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001060. (Level III) [PubMed] [Full Text]

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49.   FIGO Working Group on Good Clinical Practice in Maternal–Fetal Medicine. Good clinical practice advice: antenatal corticosteroids for fetal lung maturation. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 June 23]; 144(3):352-5 DOI:10.1002/ijgo.12746.

50.   World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antenatal corticosteroids for improving preterm birth outcomes. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.

51.   Queensland Clinical Guidelines. Antenatal corticosteroids. Guideline No. MN21.64-V1-R26 [Internet]. Brisbane: Queensland Health; 2021.

52.   Walters A, McKinlay C, Middleton P, Harding JE, Crowther CA. Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;4(4). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003935.pub5.69.

53.   Flenady V, Hawley G, Stock OM, Kenyon S, Badawi N. Prophylactic antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. [Internet]. 2013, Issue 12. Art No.: CD000246. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000246.pub2.

54.   Queensland Clinical Guidelines. Early onset of Group B streptococcus disease. Guideline No. MN22.20-V6-R27. [Internet]. Queensland Health. 2022. [cited 2025 March 05]. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg.

55.   World Health Organization. WHO recommendation on the optimal mode of birth for women in refractory preterm labour [Internet]. 2015 [cited. Available from: http://www.who.int.

56.   Thomas PE, Petersen SG, Gibbons K. The influence of mode of birth on neonatal survival and maternal outcomes at extreme prematurity: a retrospective cohort study [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 April 2]; 56:60-8.

57.   Alfirevic Z, Milan SJ, Livio S. Caesarean section versus vaginal delivery for preterm birth in singletons. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. [Internet]. 2013, Issue 9. Art No.: CD000078. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000078.pub3.

58.   Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Canadian Paediatric Society. Guideline No. 424: Umbilical cord management in preterm and term infants. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2022;44(3):305–313.62.