دليل الرعايه التمريضية لمرضي الجهاز التنفسي بوحده الرعايه المركزه

     De Vries H, Jonkman A, Shi ZH, Spoelstra-De Man A, Heunks L. Assessing      breathing effort in mechanical ventilation: physiology and clinical implications. Ann Transl Med. 2018;6:387.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar 

    Del Negro CA, Funk GD, Feldman JL. Breathing matters. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018;19:351–67.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar 

    Telias I, Brochard L, Goligher EC. Is my patient’s respiratory drive (too) high? Intensive Care Med. 2018;44:1936–9.

Article PubMed Google Scholar 

    Vaporidi K, Akoumianaka E, Telias I, Goligher EC, Brochard L, Georgopoulos D. Respiratory drive in critically ill patients: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201903-0596SO.

    Dres M, Goligher EC, Heunks LMA, Brochard LJ. Critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43:1441–52.

Article PubMed Google Scholar 

    Feldman JL, Del Negro CA. Looking for inspiration: new perspectives on respiratory rhythm. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7:232–42.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar 

    Tobin M, Gardner W. Monitoring the control of breathing. In: Tobin M, editor. Principles and practice of intensive care monitoring. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998. p. 415–64.

Google Scholar 

    Petit JM, Milic-Emili J, Delhez L. Role of the diaphragm in breathing in conscious normal man: an electromyographic study. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1969;15:1101–6.

Article Google Scholar 

   Pellegrini M, Hedenstierna G, Roneus A, Segelsjö M, Larsson A, Perchiazzi G. The diaphragm acts as a brake during expiration to prevent lung collapse. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:1608–16.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar 

Doorduin J, Roesthuis LH, Jansen D, Van Der Hoeven JG, Van Hees HWH, Heunks LMA. Respiratory muscle effort during expiration in successful and failed weaning from mechanical ventilation. Anesthesiology. 2018;129:490–501.

Article PubMed Google Scholar 

  Shi ZH, Jonkman A, De Vries H, et al. Expiratory muscle dysfunction in critically ill patients: towards improved understanding. Intensive Care Med. 2019;45:1061–71.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar 

Coates EL, Li A, Nattie EE. Widespread sites of brain stem ventilatory chemoreceptors. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993;75:5–14.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar 

 Nielsen M, Smith H. Studies on the regulation of respiration in acute hypoxia: preliminary report. Acta Physiol Scand. 1951;22:44–6.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar