Applied Anesthesia for different animals

General Anaesthetics Used in Bovine for Standing Procedures

Drug (Group Name)

Activity

Induction (min)

Duration (min)

Dose / Kg

Side Effects

Detomidine

Head lowered but standing

1-2  i.v

Dose-Dependent

10 mg IV

¯HR. ­ Blood Sugar. ­Salivation. ­Urination.

Medetomidine

Deep Standing Sedation

1-2  i.v

Dose-Dependent

5 mg IV

EXPENSIVE

Acepromazine

Prepares for Local Anaesthetic

3-5 i.v

180

0.1 mg 1 hour previous

Higher doses will cause recumbency

With General Anaest will cause delayed recovery

­ Chance of rumen content aspiration

20% Pentobarbitone Na

Restraint of Nervous Cattle

1 – 2 g  Pro Toto IV

Premedication used in Bovine for General Anaesthesia

Drug
(Group Name)

Activity

Indications

Application
Time Pre Ind

Induction
 (min)

Dose / Kg

Side Effects

Atropine

¯ Vagal Reflexes

Bradycardia

20

0.02-0.04mg

¯ Vision. Airway obstruction.

¯ Intestinal Motility

Induction Agents used in Bovine for General Anaesthesia

Drug
(Group Name)

Premedication

Dose / Kg

Induction (min)

Duration (min)

Side Effects

Chloral Hydrate (1:20 in H2O)

10% Chloral Hydrate

30 – 60 g Pr. To. PO

80 – 90 mg/kg IV

10 - 20

Xylazine

0.005 – 0.2 mg IV

10 - 20

30 - 35

Recovery = 7 hr. ­ Blood Sugar. ­ Urination.

Relapse. Tympany. ¯HR. ­Salivation.

Medetomidine

10 mg IV

EXPENSIVE

Pentobarbitone Na

1 – 1.45 g / 50 Kg IV

30

Unsuitable for Calves < 1 mo

Thiopentone Na

None

11 mg/ kg IV

0.5

5-10

Apnoea for 20 sec.

Unsuitable for Calves < 2 wk

Xylazine

5-6 mg/kg IV

Methohexitone Na

2.5 g Pro Toto IV

0.5-1

3-5

Recovery: Muscle Tremors

Ketamine

Xylazine

2 mg IV (Cow)

10 mg IV (Calf)

1-3

35

Excess Salivation

5% Guaiphenesin

Xylazine

80 – 100 mg

¯ ABP. ­ BR + HR

Maintenance Agents used in Bovine for General Anaesthesia

Drug

Indications

Induction Agent

Dose / Kg

Duration (min)

Side Effects

6.5% Pentobarbitone Na

Chloral Hydrate

1 – 1.25 g / 500 IV

15-20

May be repeated

2 mg/ml Ketamine

Xylazine

10 ml/ min

45 mins after the stop

Halothane

Thiopentone Na

25 - 30 ml Pro Toto

60 min or 10 min after stop

Rumen torchers are needed for long periods.

Ether

With a closed system

Thiopentone Na

Excess Saliva and Mucous

A2 Adrenoreceptor Antagonists used in Bovine

Drug (Group Name)

Activity

Dose / Kg

Side Effects

Yohimbine

(A2 Adrenoreceptor Antagonist)

Awakens Bovine under Xylazine

0,2 – 0,3 mg / kg

Tolazoline

­ Ruminal Motility after Xylazine

0.2 mg

Idazoxan

Awakens Calves after Xylazine

0.01 – 0.1 mg

Atipamezole

Awakens Bovine & ­ Ruminal Motility

25 mg IV / 50 mg IM

Relapsed into stupor 2 hours later if given IV

Excess may cause controlled hyperactivity