Equine fluid therapy

Clinical signs

Hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock

Vasodilatory shock

Heart rate

Tachycardia and end stage bradycardia.

Tachycardia

Pulse rate

Weak becoming absent.

Bounding

Capillary refill time CRT

Prolonged

Rapid

Mucous membrane

Pale Bright

Red (hyperemic)

Blood pressure

May initially be normal due to sympathetic response then decline

Low

Temperature of extremities

Cool

Warm