Nursing Procedures for Pregnancy

Due to physiological, hormonal, psychological, and mechanical changes during pregnancy, minor health problems may occur. The nurse plays a vital role in guiding pregnant women to manage these issues.

·        Nausea and Vomiting: Occurs due to hormonal and psychological factors, mostly in the morning until the end of the 3rd month. Advice: Eat dry food in the morning, have small frequent meals, avoid fatty/spicy foods, and reassure the mother.

·        Heartburn: Due to hormonal changes (early pregnancy) or mechanical pressure on the stomach (late pregnancy). Advice: Drink large amounts of milk, avoid spicy/fatty foods, and eat light, frequent meals.

·        Constipation: Caused by hormonal relaxation of the intestines or mechanical pressure from the uterus. Advice: Drink plenty of fluids, eat fresh fruits and vegetables, avoid laxatives/enemas, and exercise lightly.

·        Hemorrhoids: Due to weakened blood vessels and uterine pressure. Advice: Avoid constipation, apply cold compresses (lead acetate), and avoid ointments/suppositories without medical advice.

·        Varicose Veins in Legs and Vulva: Due to hormonal changes, uterine pressure, or prolonged standing. Advice: Avoid prolonged standing, elevate legs, and wear compression stockings upon waking.

·        Muscle Cramps: Usually due to calcium deficiency. Advice: Consume milk and take prescribed calcium supplements.

·        Vaginal Discharge: Due to hormonal changes causing cervical hypertrophy or fungal infections (like Monilia, especially in diabetics). Advice: Maintain personal hygiene, wear cotton underwear, and consult a doctor.

·        Itching: Due to hormonal changes. Advice: Maintain regular hygiene, wear cotton clothing, use glycerin soap, and consult a doctor if symptoms persist.

·        Frequent Urination: Due to hormonal changes early on and uterine pressure on the bladder later. Advice: Reduce fluid intake at night and reassure the mother that this is normal.