Wilms’ tumor

Wilms’ tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most common primary renal tumor in children. WT accounts for more than 90% of primary renal tumors in patients younger than 20 years and for 5% of all childhood cancers. Most children (75%) present with WT between 1 and 5 years of age, most commonly at 3 years. ⁽⁶⁾

Additionally, bilateral tumors or multifocal tumors in a single kidney can occur in approximately 5% to 13% of patients and 10% of patients, respectively, and tend to be more prevalent in individuals with genetic predisposition syndromes.⁽⁷⁾ For unilateral tumors, the median age at diagnosis is 35 months for males and 42 months for females, while the median age at diagnosis is 23 months for males and 28.5 months for females for bilateral tumors. ⁽⁸⁾

Five-year survival is more than 90% for children with all stages of favorable histology WT who receive appropriate treatment. However, survival remains poor for children with higher stage diffuse anaplastic WT. ^(9,10)