Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, buffalo,  pigs, sheep, goats, and various wildlife species. Recognized as one of the most economically devastating diseases for livestock industries worldwide, FMD poses a significant threat not only due to animal health concerns but also due to trade restrictions and massive economic losses. Although mortality is typically low in adult animals, the disease causes severe production losses and high mortality in young animals. Despite decades of global control efforts, FMD remains endemic in many regions, underscoring the persistent challenges in eradicating this transboundary disease.