Global searching is not enabled.
Skip to main content
Book

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

Completion requirements
"last update: 15 May 2025                                                                                                             Download Guideline

- Challenges and Future Directions

Several challenges hinder global FMD eradication:

  • Antigenic variability and short vaccine duration.
  • Inadequate surveillance and reporting.
  • Smuggling of animal across the borders.