|
Table3 :GBS disability scale (Hughes and Cornblath) (45) |
|
0 - healthy 1 - minor symptoms or signs of neuropathy, but capable of manual work and running 2 - can walk without the aid of a stick for 5 m across an open space, but is not capable of manual work or running 3 - can walk with a stick, orthosis or support (5 m across an open space) 4 - bedridden or wheelchair-bound 5 - ventilation assistance required (for any part of the day or night) 6 – dead |
|
Table 4:Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale for Manual Muscle Testing |
|
5 - patient can maintain position against maximal resistance and through the entire physiological range of motion of the joint 4 - patient can maintain position against moderate resistance, and moves actively through the entire physiological range of motion of the joint 3 - patient cannot maintain position against resistance, but can move the extremity against gravity through the full range of motion 2 - patient can move the extremity through part of the physiological range of motion if gravity is eliminated 1 - muscle contraction can be detected by palpation if gravity is eliminated 0 - no contractions identifiable
|
Table 5. The erasmus Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) Respiratory Insufficiency Score (eGRIS)
|
Measures |
Categories |
Score |
|
Days between onset of weakness and hospital admission |
<7 4-7 <3 |
0 1 2 |
|
Facial and/or bulbar weakness at hospital admission |
Absent Present |
0 1 |
|
MRC sum score at hospital admission |
60-51 50-41 40-31 30-21 <20 |
0 1 2 3 4 |
|
EGRIS |
NA |
0-7 |
NA, not applicable.
An eGRIS of 0–2 indicates a low risk of mechanical intervention, 3–4 indicates an intermediate risk of mechanical intervention and ≥5 indicates a high risk of mechanical intervention.
Table 6: The most important differential diagnoses of GBS
Intracranial
· Meningeosis neoplastica/leucaemica
· Brain stem encephalitis
Peripheral Nerves
· Axonal sub-acute recurrent neuropathy, with elevated CSF lactate levels in patients with a PDHcIa-mutation
· Metabolic disorders such as hypermagnesemia or hypophosphatemia
· Tick paralysis
· Heavy metal toxicity such as arsenic, gold and thallium
· Medication-induced neuropathy (e.g. vincristine, platinum compounds, nitrofurantoin, paclitaxel)
· Porphyria
· Critical illness neuropathy
· Vasculitis
· Diphtheria
Spinal cord
· Infarction, myelitis, compression
· Anterior horn motor neurons Polio and other enteroviruses that can trigger poliomyelitis, including West Nile Virus
Nerve roots
· Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
· Cauda equina compression
Neuromuscular end-plate
· Myasthenia gravis
· Organophosphate poisoning
· Botulism
Muscle
· Critical illness
· Polymyositis
· Dermatomyositis
· Hypo-/hyperkalemia
· Periodic paralysis