Most common viral diseases affecting shrimp in aquaculture systems

Giving a steady supply of protein while also making substantial contributions to economic growth and food security, aquaculture has quickly become one of the world's most dynamic food production industries (Obirikorang et al., 2024). However, infectious diseases, especially those with a viral origin, have been on the rise alongside the fast expansion of aquaculture (Valero and Cuesta, 2023) and considered a significant threat to global shrimp production, causing substantial economic losses through reducing production, increasing costs and trade restriction. Acute outbreaks, large mortality rates, and substantial economic losses are sometimes caused by viral infections, which pose a significant threat to farmed shrimp and fish (Rahaman et al., 2025). These diseases limit the potential for growth, decrease the likelihood of survival, and impede the global expansion of aquaculture businesses (Maezono et al., 2025). Viruses including White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Yellow Head Virus (YHV), and Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) have also had a devastating effect on shrimp farming (Arulmoorthy et al., 2020).

Virus diseases have far-reaching effects that go beyond financial burdens. They threaten biodiversity and environmental stability by allowing it easier for pathogens to spread to wild populations (Sudhagar et al., 2024). Moreover, disease outbreaks have significant societal consequences because they threaten farmers' incomes and local and global market stability (Hounmanou et al., 2018).

Prevention and control procedures are of the greatest significance considering the lack of effective therapeutic measures against viral diseases (Munang’andu et al., 2016). When it comes to disease control, biosecurity protocols, early diagnostic tools, and pathogen-free broodstock are pivotal. Additionally, innovative techniques to improve aquaculture systems' resilience and sustainability necessitate continued research and international cooperation (Aly and Fathi 2024).