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Tilapia Lake Virus disease (TiLVD)

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"last update: 8 Jun  2026"                                                                                                  Download Guideline

- Refrences

1.     Adams, M. J., Lefkowitz, E. J., King, A. M., Harrach, B., Harrison, R. L., Knowles, N. J., et al. (2017). Changes to taxonomy and the international code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Archives of Virology, 162(8), 2505–2538.

2.     Barría, A., Trinh, T. Q., Mahmuddin, M., Benzie, J. A., Chadag, V. M., & Houston, R. D. (2020). Genetic parameters for resistance to Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 522, 735126.

3.     Del-Pozo, J., Mishra, N., Kabuusu, R., Cheetham, S., Eldar, A., Bacharach, E., &
Ferguson, H. W. (2017). Syncytial hepatitis of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) is
associated with orthomyxovirus-like virions in hepatocytes. Veterinary Pathology, 54
(1), 164–170.

4.     Dong, H. T., Ataguba, G. A., Khunrae, P., Rattanarojpong, T., & Senapin, S. (2017a). Evidence of TiLV infection in tilapia hatcheries from 2012 to 2017 reveals probable global spread of the disease. Aquaculture, 479, 579–583.

5.     Dong, H. T., Siriroob, S., Meemetta, W., Santimanawong, W., Gangnonngiw, W.,
Pirarat, N., & Senapin, S. (2017b). Emergence of tilapia lake virus in Thailand and an
alternative semi-nested RT-PCR for detection. Aquaculture, 476, 111–118.

6.     Dong, H. T., Senapin, S., Gangnonngiw, W., Nguyen, V. V., Rodkhum, C., Debnath, P. P., ... & Mohan, C. V. (2020). Experimental infection reveals transmission of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) from tilapia broodstock to their reproductive organs and fertilized eggs. Aquaculture, 515, 734541.

7.     Eyngor, M., Zamostiano, R., Tsofack, J. E. K., Berkowitz, A., Bercovier, H., Tinman, S., & Eldar, A. (2014). Identification of a novel RNA virus lethal to tilapia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 52(12), 4137–4146.

8.     Fathi, M., Dickson, C., Dickson, M., Leschen, W., Baily, J., Muir, F., & Weidmann, M. (2017). Identification of Tilapia Lake Virus in Egypt in Nile tilapia affected by ‘summer mortality’syndrome. Aquaculture, 473, 430–432.

9.     Ferguson, H. W., Kabuusu, R., Beltran, S., Reyes, E., Lince, J. A., & Del Pozo, J. (2014). Syncytial hepatitis of farmed tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.): A case report. Journal of Fish Diseases, 37(6), 583–589.

10.  Machimbirike, V. I., Jansen, M. D., Senapin, S., Khunrae, P., Rattanarojpong, T., & Dong, H. T. (2019). Viral infections in tilapines: More than just tilapia lake virus. Aquaculture503, 508-518.

11.  Mai, T. T., Kayansamruaj, P., Taengphu, S., Senapin, S., Costa, J. Z., del‐Pozo, J., ... & Dong, H. T. (2021). Efficacy of heat‐killed and formalin‐killed vaccines against Tilapia tilapinevirus in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of fish diseases, 44(12), 2097-2109.

12.  Pierezan, F., Yun, S., Surachetpong, W., & Soto, E. (2019). Intragastric and intracoelomic injection challenge models of tilapia lake virus infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings. Journal of Fish Diseases, 42(9), 1301–1307.

13.  Senapin, S., Shyam, K. U., Meemetta, W., Rattanarojpong, T., & Dong, H. T. (2018). Inapparent infection cases of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in farmed tilapia. Aquaculture, 487, 51–55.

14.  Tang, K.F.J., Bondad-Reantaso, M.G., Surachetpong, W., Dong, H.T., Fejzic, N., Wang, Q., Wajsbrot, N. & Hao, B. (2021).Tilapia lake virus disease strategy manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1220. Rome, FAO.https://doi.org/10.4060/cb7293en

15.  Tattiyapong, P., Dachavichitlead, W., & Surachetpong, W. (2017). Experimental
infection of Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and red
tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Veterinary Microbiology, 207, 170–177

16.  Tattiyapong, P., Dechavichitlead, W., Waltzek, T. B., & Surachetpong, W. (2020). Tilapia develop protective immunity including a humoral response following exposure to tilapia lake virus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 106, 666–674.

17.  Zeng, W., Wang, Y., Hu, H., Wang, Q., Bergmann, S.M., Wang, Y., Li, B., et al. 2021. Cell culture-derived tilapia lake virus-inactivated vaccine containing Montanide adjuvant provides high protection against viral challenge for Tilapia. Vaccines, 9(2): 86.