Metabolic disorders in cattle

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Drackley, J. K. (1999). Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: The final frontier? Journal of Dairy Science, 82(11), 2259–2273.

Duffield, T. F. (2000). Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 16(2), 231–253.

Fares AA, Ghanem MM, El-Raof YMA, El-Attar HM, Megahed AA, El-Khaiat HM (2022). Metabolomics of periparturient Holstein-Friesian cows associated with feeding a negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD). Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 10(7):1504-1512.

Ghanem MM (2013). Comparative Study on the Clinical and Subclinical Hypomagnesemia in Calves with Evaluation of Therapeutic Response. The XX International Congress of Mediterranean Federation of Health and Production of Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, pp. 123-134.

Ghanem MM and El-Deep WM (2010) lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity as a predictor for ketosis and parturient haemoglobinuria in Egyptian water buffaloes. Research in Veterinary Science, 88(1):20-25

Ghanem, M., Fares A.; Abdel-Raof Y. M.; El-Attar H. E. (2017). Clinico-biochemical, oxidative markers and trace elements changes in cows with ketosis. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 33(2), 224-236

Ghanem, M.M. El-Fkhrany, S.F.b, Abd El-Raof, Y.M., El-Attar, H.M. (2012). Clinical and haematobiochemical evaluation of diarrheic neonatal buffalo calves (bubalas bubalis) with reference to antioxidant changes. Benha veterinary medical journal, 23 (2), 275-288

Ghanem, M.M., Mahmoud, M.E., Abd El-Raof, Y.M., El-Attar, H.M. (2016). Efficacy of different cow side tests for diagnosis of ketosis in lactating cows. Benha Vet Medical Journal, 31(2): 225-230.

Goff, J. P. (2006). Macromineral disorders of the transition cow. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 22(2), 329–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2006.03.006

Goff, J. P. (2008). The monitoring, prevention, and treatment of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows. Veterinary Journal, 176(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.020

Goff, J. P. (2014). Calcium and magnesium disorders. In B. P. Smith (Ed.), Large animal internal medicine (5th ed., pp. 1430–1445). Elsevier.

Gowda, N. K. S., Ledoux, D. R., Rottinghaus, G. E., Bermudez, A. J., & Chen, Y. C. (2004). Efficacy of antioxidant combinations in preventing hemolysis associated with hemoglobinuria. Veterinary Research Communications, 28(3), 221–232.

Grummer, R. R. (1993). Etiology of lipid-related metabolic disorders in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 76(12), 3882–3896.

Guliński P. Ketone bodies - causes and effects of their increased presence in cows' body fluids: A review. Vet World. 2021 Jun;14(6):1492-1503. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1492-1503. Epub 2021 Jun 11. PMID: 34316197; PMCID: PMC8304442.

Horst, R. L., Goff, J. P., & Reinhardt, T. A. (1997). Strategies for preventing milk fever in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 80(7), 1269–1280. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76065-4

Kavibharathy S, Sunandhadevi S, Enbavelan PA, Venkatesakumar E. Bovine ketosis: A comprehensive review on pathophysiology, diagnosis, monitoring strategies, therapeutics, and prevention in dairy cattle. Int J Vet Sci Anim Husbandry 2025;10(8S):72-82.

Kichura, T. S., Horst, R. L., Beitz, D. C., & Littledike, E. T. (1982). Relationships between phosphorus depletion and glucose metabolism in cattle. Journal of Nutrition, 112(6), 1133–1140.

Oetzel, G. R. (2007). Herd-level ketosis diagnosis and prevention in dairy cows. The Veterinary Clinics of North America—Food Animal Practice, 23(2), 379–402.

Ospina, P. A., Nydam, D. V., Stokol, T., & Overton, T. R. (2010). Evaluation of nonesterified fatty acids and β‑hydroxybutyrate in transition dairy cattle in the northeastern United States: Critical thresholds for prediction of clinical diseases. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(2), 546–554.

Peek, S. F., & Divers, T. J. (2018). Rebhun's diseases of dairy cattle (3rd ed.). Elsevier.

Simões, J., Lei, M.C., Stilwell, G. (2025). Downer Cow Syndrome. In: Simões, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Livestock Medicine for Large Animal and Poultry Production. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52133-1_317-1

Smith, B. I., & Hogan, J. S. (2006). The role of the immune system in mastitis and ketosis interactions. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 111(2), 195–204.

Smith, B. P. (2014). Large animal internal medicine (5th ed.). Elsevier.

Suttle, N. F. (2010). Mineral nutrition of livestock (4th ed.). CABI Publishing.

Underwood, E. J., & Suttle, N. F. (1999). The mineral nutrition of livestock (3rd ed.). CABI Publishing.

van Knegsel, A. T., van den Brand, H., Dijkstra, J., Tamminga, S., & Kemp, B. (2005). Effects of dietary energy source on energy balance and ketosis incidence in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(6), 2090–2096.

Van Saun, R. J. (2000). Metabolic profiling and health risk in transition cows. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 16(2), 239–272.