Metabolic disorders in Ruminant, Ketosis, Ketonemia ,Woody cow syndrome

Ketosis, also called acetonemia or ketonemia, is one of the most common metabolic disorders in high‑producing dairy cows and bufflaos. It typically occurs during early lactation, when energy demands for milk synthesis exceed dietary energy intake, causing cows to enter a state of negative energy balance (NEB). This results in excessive fat mobilization and increased production of ketone bodies (β‑hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), acetoacetate, and acetone). Ketosis has economic impact as it significantly reduces milk yield, fertility, and overall herd profitability.