Metabolic disorders in Ruminant, Ketosis, Ketonemia ,Woody cow syndrome

1-Dietary Management

• Avoid overconditioning during dry period
• Provide high-energy, high-quality ration during early lactation
• Ensure adequate fiber and rumen-effective carbohydrates
• Transition diets 2–3 weeks prepartum

2- Monitoring High-Risk Groups

• Test fresh cows (first 2–21 days in milk)
• Identify cows with high BHBA or NEFA levels

3- Management Practices

• Reduce stress and overcrowding
• Maintain comfortable housing
• Ensure consistent feed availability

4- Feeding Additives

• Monensin (increases propionate production)
• Yeast and rumen modifiers (improve rumen fermentation)