Metabolic disorders in Ruminant, Fat Cow Syndrome ,Fatty liver syndrome

1- Proper Body Condition Scoring

Target BCS at calving: 3.0–3.5
Avoid overconditioning during late lactation or the dry period.

2- Transition Cow Management

• Provide a balanced transition diet (high fiber, controlled energy)
• Introduce lactation rations gradually
• Reduce stress

3- Monitoring Programs

• Routine measurement of NEFAs and BHBA in pre- and postpartum cows
• Close monitoring of feed intake

4- Nutritional Strategies

• Controlled-energy dry cow diets
• Use of monensin to improve energy metabolism
• Supplement rumen-protected choline and methionine