Three-Day Sickness (Bovine Ephemeral Fever) in Cattle

Vector-Borne Transmission

BEF is transmitted primarily through blood-feeding arthropods.

Important vectors include:

Mosquitoes (Culex and Aedes species) - Culicoides biting midges

Factors Favoring Transmission

Warm temperatures

High humidity

Heavy rainfall

Presence of standing water

Large vector populations

Direct transmission between animals is considered insignificant.