BURN INJURIES

This guideline targets emergency physicians, general practitioners, policy makers, as well as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other stakeholders to offer the most appropriate treatment guidelines for trauma patients with massive bleeding.

·        Emergency physicians

·        Anesthesiologists and critical care physicians

·        Burn surgeons and plastic surgeons

·        General surgeons

·        Intensive care unit (ICU) staff

·        Emergency nurses

·        Primary care physicians

·        Medical trainees (interns and residents)

·       policy makers

·        non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

·       Other stakeholders to offer the most appropriate treatment guidelines for Burn patients

➡️Evidence assessment

According to WHO Handbook for Guidelines, we used the GRADE (Grading of

Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to assess the quality of a body of evidence, develop and report recommendations. GRADE methods are used by WHO because they represent internationally agreed standards for making transparent recommendations. Detailed GRADE information is available on the following sites:

•  GRADE working group: https://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/

• GRADE online training modules: http://cebgrade.mcmaster.ca/

Table 1 Quality and Significance of the four levels of evidence in GRADE:

Table 2 Factors that determine How to upgrade or downgrade the quality of evidence

➡️The strength of the recommendation

The strength of a recommendation communicates the importance of adherence to the recommendation.

➡️Strong recommendations

With strong recommendations, the guideline communicates the message that the desirable effects of adherence to the recommendation outweigh the undesirable effects. This means that in most situations the recommendation can be adopted as policy.

➡️Conditional recommendations

These are made when there is greater uncertainty about the four factors above or if local adaptation should account for a greater variety in values and preferences, or when resource use makes the intervention suitable for some, but not for other locations. This means that there is a need for substantial debate and involvement of stakeholders before this recommendation can be adopted as policy.

➡️When not to make recommendations

When there is lack of evidence on the effectiveness of an intervention, it may be appropriate not to make a recommendation.