The Egyptian Pediatic Advanced Life Support

2.Jasmeet Soar, Joyce Yeung, Keith Couper, et al. Adult Advance Life support guidelines, Resuscitation council UK, 2025.

3.Adam Cheng and Angelo Mikrogianakis. Rapid response systems for pediatrics: suggestions for optimal organization and training.Pediatric child health, 15 Feb. 2018; 23 (1):51-57.doi:10.1093/pch/pxx133.

4. Sharek PJ, Parast LM, Leong K, et al.Effect of a rapid response team on hospital-wide mortality and code rates outside the ICU in a children’s hospital. JAMA. 2007;298(19):2267–2274. doi:10.1001/jama.298.19.2267

5. Brilli RJ, Gibson R, Luria JW, et al.Implementation of a medical emergency team in a large pediatric teaching hospital prevents respiratory and cardiopulmonary arrests outside the intensive care unit.Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2007;8(3):236–246.doi:10.1097/01.PCC.0000262947.71278.45

6. Cheng A, Mikrogianakis A; Canadian Paediatric Society, Acute Care Committee.
Rapid response systems for paediatrics: Suggestions for optimal organization and training. Paediatrics & Child Health. 2018;23(1):51–57. doi:10.1093/pch/pxx133

7. Tibballs J, Kinney S.Reduction of hospital mortality and of preventable cardiac arrest and death on introduction of a pediatric medical emergency team.Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2009;10(3):306–312.doi:10.1097/PCC.0b013e318198b02c

8. Canadian Paediatric Society, Acute Care Committee.Rapid response systems for paediatrics: Suggestions for optimal organization and training.  

9. Ottawa: Canadian Paediatric Society; 2018.Available at: Canadian Paediatric Society Position Statement.

10. Kotsakis A, Lobos AT, Parshuram C, et al.; Ontario Pediatric Critical Care Response Team Collaborative.Implementation of a multicenter rapid response system in pediatric academic hospitals is effective.Pediatrics. 2011;128(1):72–78. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0756

11. Duncan H, Hutchison J, Parshuram CS.The Pediatric Early Warning System score: A severity of illness score to predict urgent medical need in hospitalized children. Journal of Critical Care. 2006;21(3):271–278.doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2006.06.007

12. Akre M, Finkelstein M, Erickson M, Liu M, Vanderbilt L, Billman G.  Sensitivity of the Pediatric Early Warning Score to identify patient deterioration. Pediatrics. 2010;125(4):e763–e769.doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0338

13. European Resuscitation Council (ERC).ERC Guidelines 2025: Paediatric Life Support. Resuscitation. 2025;215(Suppl 1):110767. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.  2025.110767 .

14. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR).
Pediatric Life Support Consensus on Science and Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR), 2025. Resuscitation. 2025.

15. WHO. Paediatric Emergency Triage, Assessment and Treatment (ETAT): Care of Critically Ill Children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.

16. WHO. Guideline Updates on Paediatric Emergency Triage, Assessment and Treatment. NCBI Bookshelf.

17. Surviving Sepsis Campaign. International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis in Children. SCCM.

18. Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 2022.Provides trauma system standards, transfer criteria, trauma team activation, and escalation principles relevant to pediatric trauma systems.

19.Rozzelle CJ, Aarabi B, Dhall SS, et al. Management of pediatric cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery. 2013;72(Suppl 2):205–226.
doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e318277096c.

20. American Heart Association (AHA).2025 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC: Pediatric Advanced Life Support. Circulation. 2025.

21. Zachariasse JM, Nieboer D, Maconochie IK, et al. Development and validation of a Paediatric Early Warning Score for use in the emergency department: a multicentre study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(8):583-591. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30139-5.