كتاب
Fungal diseases
- MYCOTOXICOSIS
Mycotxin: is a complex chemical by –product produced from some species of fungi which elaborate them into surrounding ration.
MYCOTOXICOSIS: is a lethal disease caused by toxins of pathogenic fungi. Characterized by hemorrhagic syndrome and aplastic anemia. Many fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus could produce toxin.
|
Major classes of mycotoxin- producing fungi |
Fungi species |
Mycotoxins |
|
-Aspergillus
-Pencillium
-Fusarium
|
A. flavus |
Aflatoxin |
|
A. ochraceus P. verrucosum |
Ochratoxin
|
|
|
Fusarium. graminearum
|
Type A
Trichothecenes
|
|
Mycotoxin |
Possible effects |
|
Aflatoxins |
Liver diseases (hepatotoxic, hepatocarcinogenic); carcinogenic and teratogenic effects; hemorrhages (intestinal tract, kidneys); reduced growth rate; diminution of performance; immune suppression |
|
Ochratoxins |
Nephrotoxic; carcinogenic; mild liver damage; enteritis; teratogenic effects; poor feed conversion; reduced growth rate; immune suppression |
|
Trichothecenes |
Digestive disorders (vomiting, diarrhea, feed refusal); reduced weight gain; hemorrhages (stomach, heart, intestine, lung, bladder, kidney); edema; oral lesions; dermatitis; blood disorders; infertility; degeneration of bone marrow; slow growth; immune suppression |
|
Cyclopiazonic acid |
Necrotic effects (liver, gastrointestinal tissue, kidneys, skeletal muscles); carcinogenic; neurotoxic |
|
Citrinin |
Nephrotoxic; teratogenic; hepatotoxic |
