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Definition
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Liver diseases (hepatotoxic,
hepatocarcinogenic); carcinogenic and teratogenic effects
Most commonly encountered toxin is produced by Aspergilla flavus,
(Aflatoxin). The aflatoxins include four closely related metabolites of A.
flavus ,Asp .parasiticus known as B1,
B2, G1 and G2.
The B1 toxin is the most toxic and is
of greatest concern to the poultry industry.
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Ochratoxin are Nephrotoxic;
carcinogenic; mild liver damage; enteritis; teratogenic effects; poor feed
conversion; reduced growth rate; immune suppression
More lethal and acute as it has no permissible limit.
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Digestive disorders (vomiting,
diarrhea, feed refusal)
There are at There are at least 100 chemicals in this class including T2 and
HT2 toxin. These fungi commonly attack grains.
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https://ranpvtltd.com/aflatoxins-their-challenges-impact-on-poultry/
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Characteristic
clinical signs
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(hepatotoxic, hepatocarcinogenic);
Forms of disease:
1. Acute to chronic depend upon quality and quantity of the toxin.
2. Birds return to normal within 7 days
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Nephrotoxic
Polyuric, dehydrated bird
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Digestive disorders
Lesions at the edge of the beak and upper digestive tract, Severe oral
lesions,diarrhea.
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PM
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● In the day - old duckling, Aflatoxin
can produce hepatic tumors.
● Hepatoma, anemia, loss of strength and increase integrity of muscle
(bruising).
● Enteritis, hemorrhagic syndrome, and encephalitis.
● In older birds: lesions are vague and less specific.
● Histopathology: Hepatocellular fatty change, necrosis. Hyplastic bile
ducts.
● Liver, kidney, spleen enlargement; bursa, thymus, testes showed atrophy.
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●Visceral urate, kidney may have
urate crystal which is white to tan in color
●Pasty white urates deposits on pericardial, peritoneal, perihepatic and
articular surface.
●Enlarged yellow liver and increased glycogen deposit in hepatocyte
●Decrease bursa and thymus size.
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●Sick birds may drop dead with few
signs of illness
●They may be depressed, appear thirsty and pant.
●Ulcer and erosion in mouth commissars, hard palate, oropharynx
●Chemical burns on tip of tong
●Anemia, pale bone marrow
●Breaks on feather follicles
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