Endovascular Intervention

Acute stroke service - Consists of: a) a comprehensive stroke center (CSC) providing hyperacute, acute and inpatient rehabilitation including thrombectomy (thrombectomy center) and neurosurgery; or b) an acute stroke center (ASC) providing hyperacute, acute and inpatient rehabilitation.  All components of a specialist acute stroke service should be based in a hospital that can investigate and manage people with acute stroke and their medical and neurological complications.

Alteplase - A medicine used for thrombolysis.

Anticoagulants - A group of medicines used to reduce the risk of clots by thinning the blood.

Antiplatelets - A group of medicines used to prevent the formation of clots by stopping platelets in the blood sticking together.

Antithrombotics - The generic name for all medicines that prevent the formation of blood clots. This includes antiplatelets and anticoagulants.

Atherosclerosis - Fatty deposits that harden on the inner wall of the arteries (atheroma) and roughen its surface; this makes the artery susceptible to blockage either by narrowing or by formation of a blood clot.

Atrial fibrillation - A heart condition that causes an irregular heartbeat, often faster than the normal heart rate.

Cardiovascular disease - Disease of the heart and/or blood vessels. 

Carotid angioplasty - surgical procedure that widens the internal diameter of the carotid artery, after it has been narrowed by atherosclerosis.

Carotid arteries - Main blood vessels in the neck, which supply oxygenated blood to the brain.

Carotid stenosis - The narrowing of the carotid arteries in the neck. 

Clipping - A metal device used surgical to close the neck of aneurysm sticking

Coiling - A metal which deploy inside aneurysm to secured

Computed tomography (CT) - An X ray technique used to examine the brain. 

Computerized angiography – Anon invasive technique that allow for details of brain blood vessels

Cost-effectiveness - The extent to which the benefits of a treatment outweigh the costs. 

Diagnostic cervicocerebral catheter angiography – a complete patient encounter involving percutaneous passage of a catheter into the carotid or the vertebral arteries followed by injection of contrast material and imaging and diagnostic evaluation of the intracranial and extracranial circulation using film or digital imaging systems.

Doppler ultrasound -An imaging technique that measures blood flow and velocity through blood vessels. 

EVD – External ventricular drain which used to drain haemorrhage outside ventricle

Hyperlipidemia - Raised levels of lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides or both) in the blood serum. 

Hyperlipidemia - Raised levels of lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides or both) in the blood serum. 

Hypertension - Raised blood pressure.

Hypertension - Raised blood pressure. 

Indicator - a specific, quantifiable, and objective measure of quality.

Ischemic stroke - A stroke that happens when a blood clot blocks an artery that is carrying blood to the brain. 

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - A non-invasive imaging technique that allows for detailed examination of the brain. 

Major complication –a stroke or other event that results in admission to the hospital for therapy (for outpatient procedures), requires an unplanned increase in the level of care resulting in prolonged hospitalization, or results in permanent adverse sequelae or death.

Mechanical ventilation - Advice used to secured respiration when patient had DCL. 

Minor complication – a transient ischemic event or other occurrence that results in no sequelae; however, such an event may require minimal therapy or a short hospital stay for observation (generally overnight).

MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging - This type of scan shows areas of recent ischemic brain damage.  

Seizure - abnormal brain discharge cause body seize

Stroke - A clinical syndrome, of presumed vascular origin, typified by rapidly developing signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral functions lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death.

Stroke – a focal neurological deficit lasting longer than 24 hours, typically documented by imaging findings clinically relevant to the deficit.

Subarachnoid haemorrhage: a haemorrhage in subarachnoid space

Successful examination – a technically successful procedure and set of images resulting in identification or exclusion of the suspected pathology or other pathology capable of being identified with arteriography.

Threshold – a specific level of an indicator that should prompt the performance of a review.

Thrombectomy - The excision of a blood clot from a blood vessel.

Thrombolysis - The use of medicines to break up a blood clot. An example of thrombolysis medicine is alteplase, also sometimes called tPA. 

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) – a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain or retinal ischemia, with clinical symptoms typically lasting less than one hour, usually without imaging evidence of infarction (some TIAs are associated with diffusion restriction detected on MRI indicating ischemia or infarction with complete resolution of symptoms within 24 hours.)